Sauna

Articles

Avci, P., Gupta, A., Sadasivam, M., Vecchio, D., Pam, Z., Pam, N., & Hamblin, M. R. (2013). "Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring." Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 32(1), 41-52.

Avci, P., Nyame, T. T., Gupta, G. K., Sadasivam, M., & Hamblin, M. R. (2013). "Low-level laser therapy for fat layer reduction: a comprehensive review." Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 45(6), 349-357.

Barolet, D. (2008). "Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in dermatology." Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 27(4), 227-238.

Chung, H., Dai, T., Sharma, S. K., Huang, Y. Y., Carroll, J. D., & Hamblin, M. R. (2012). "The nuts and bolts of low-level laser (light) therapy." Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 40(2), 516-533.

De Marchi, T., Leal Junior, E. C. P., Bortoli, C., Tomazoni, S. S., Lopes-Martins, R. Á. B., & Salvador, M. (2012). "Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in human progressive-intensity running: effects on exercise performance, skeletal muscle status, and oxidative stress." Lasers in Medical Science, 27(1), 231-236.

Ferraresi, C., Hamblin, M. R., & Parizotto, N. A. (2012). "Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) on muscle tissue: performance, fatigue, and repair benefited by the power of light." Photonics & Lasers in Medicine, 1(4), 267-286.

Franke, R. H., & Ho, T. M. (1985). "The Hawthorne experiments: First statistical interpretation." American Sociological Review, 50(2), 318-331.

Hamblin, M. R. (2016). "Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation." AIMS Biophysics, 3(3), 337-361.

Hamblin, M. R., & Demidova, T. N. (2006). "Mechanisms of low-level light therapy." Proc. SPIE, 6140, 614001.

Hannuksela, M. M., & Ellahham, S. (2017). "Benefits and risks of sauna bathing." The American Journal of Medicine, 132(11), 1314-1317.

Hashmi, J. T., Huang, Y. Y., Sharma, S. K., Kurup, D. B., De Taboada, L., Carroll, J. D., & Hamblin, M. R. (2010). "Effect of pulsing in low-level light therapy." Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 42(6), 450-466.

Huang, Z., Ma, J., Chen, J., Shen, B., Pei, X., Han, L., ... & Gu, Y. (2015). "The effectiveness of low-level laser therapy for nonspecific chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Arthritis Research & Therapy, 17(1), 360.

Johnstone, D. M., Moro, C., Stone, J., Benabid, A. L., & Mitrofanis, J. (2016). "Turning on lights to stop neurodegeneration: the potential of near-infrared light therapy in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease." Frontiers in Neuroscience, 9, 500.

Kim, K., Monroe, J. C., Gavin, T. P., & Roseguini, B. T. (2020). "Local Heat Therapy to Accelerate Recovery After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage." Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000230

Leal Junior, E. C. P., Lopes-Martins, R. Á. B., Baroni, B. M., De Marchi, T., Rossi, R. P., Grosselli, D., ... & Bjordal, J. M. (2010). "Effect of 830 nm low-level laser therapy in exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue in humans." Lasers in Medical Science, 25(5), 725-732.

Litscher, G., & Wang, L. (2006). "Transcranial cerebral oximetry study on acupuncture: a pilot study." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 3(1), 59-63.

Russell, B. A., & Kellett, J. (2005). "Rejuvenation of the skin surface: topical application of particulate complexed catalase and superoxide dismutase." The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 125(2), 374-382.

Silva, G. L., Luft, C., Lunardi, C. N., de Souza, P. S., de Oliveira, A. P., de Pereira, G. R., ... & Cecchini, R. (2015). "Comparative study of the use of laser and LED light in the photobiomodulation of burns in rats." Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Research, 6(1), 264.

Serafini, A., Cetrullo, S., Dacrema, M., Cattini, L., Facchini, A., & Flamigni, F. (2011). "Anti-apoptotic effect of near-infrared irradiation on spontaneously immortalized human mesenchymal stromal cells." Journal of Biomedical Optics, 16(5), 058003.

Yu, W., Naim, J. O., Lanzafame, R. J., & Buchmann, E. V. (1997). "Effects of photostimulation on wound healing in diabetic mice." Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 20(1), 56-63.

Books

Anders, J. J., & Moges, H. (2017). Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and Photobiomodulation (PBM) in Practice: Basics, Protocols, and Clinical Application. SPIE Press.

Beard, J. (1911). The Enzyme Treatment of Cancer. London: Chatto and Windus.

Cannon, W. B. (1929). Organization for Physiological Homeostasis. Physiological Reviews, 9(3), 399-431.

Chalmers, J. M., Edwards, H. G. M., & Hargreaves, M. D. (Eds.). (2007). Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy in Forensic Science. John Wiley & Sons.

Fitzpatrick, R. E., & Ross, E. V. (Eds.). (2001). Laser and Light Source Treatments for the Skin.

Grunebaum, M. (2016). The Science of Low Energy Laser Therapy. CRC Press.

Guyton, A. C., & Hall, J. E. (2015). Textbook of Medical Physiology (13th ed.). Saunders.

Hamblin, M. R., & Huang, Y-Y. (2017). "Photobiomodulation in the Brain: Low-Level Laser (Light) Therapy in Neurology and Neuroscience."

Hamblin, M. R., & Pires de Sousa, M. V. (Eds.). (2018). Handbook of Photomedicine.

Kandzari, D. J., & Berger, P. B. (Eds.). (2006). Lasers in Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery: Fundamentals and Techniques.

Nelson, K. R. (2015). Light Years Ahead: The Illustrated Guide to Full Spectrum and Colored Light in Mindbody Healing. North Atlantic Books.

Niemz, M. H. (2007). Laser-Tissue Interactions: Fundamentals and Applications.

Nouri, K. (Ed.). (2011). Lasers in Dermatology and Medicine.

Reijnen, M., England, R. H. M., & Blankensteijn, J. D. (2013). Clinical Guide to Angiosome-Based Vascular Surgery.

Wang, L., & Wu, H-I. (2011). Biomedical Optics: Principles and Imaging.

"Laser Therapy in Veterinary Medicine: Photobiomodulation" by Ronald J. Riegel, John C. Godbold Jr., and IIia V. Yaroslavsky.

"Lasers in Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery: Fundamentals and Techniques" edited by David J. Kandzari and Peter B. Berger.

"Laser Therapy and Photobiology: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging" edited by R. R. Anderson, K. R. Jerome W. R. Boris, and H. E. Roeland.

"Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications" edited by Colin E. Webb and Julian D. C. Jones.

"Laser-Tissue Interactions: Fundamentals and Applications" by Markolf H. Niemz.

"Clinical Guide to Angiosome-Based Vascular Surgery" by Michel Reijnen, Rhiannon H. M. England, and Jan D. Blankensteijn.

"Introduction to Biophotonics" by Paras N. Prasad.

"The Art of Radiometry" by Jim Palmer.

"Optical-Thermal Response of Laser-Irradiated Tissue" by Ashley J. Welch and Martin J. C. van Gemert.

"The Healing Sun: Sunlight and Health in the 21st Century" by Richard Hobday.

"Photodynamic Therapy: From Theory to Application" edited by Sharon Thomsen, Thomas J. Dougherty, and Kristian Berg.

"Biomedical Optics: Principles and Imaging" by Lihong Wang and Hsin-i Wu. 

Cannon, W. B. (1929). Organization for physiological homeostasis. Physiological Reviews, 9(3), 399-431.

This paper discusses Walter B. Cannon's concept of homeostasis and its relation to the autonomic nervous system.

Guyton, A. C., & Hall, J. E. (2015). Textbook of Medical Physiology (13th ed.). Saunders.

A comprehensive textbook covering the physiology of the autonomic nervous system and its role in regulating various bodily functions.

Jänig, W. (2006). Integrative Action of the Autonomic Nervous System: Neurobiology of Homeostasis. Cambridge University Press.

This book provides an in-depth examination of the neurobiology and functional integration of the autonomic nervous system.

Loewy, A. D., & Spyer, K. M. (Eds.). (1990). Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions. Oxford University Press.

A compilation of research papers exploring the central regulation of autonomic functions, including the role of various brain regions.

Robertson, D., & Biaggioni, I. (Eds.). (2012). Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System. Elsevier.

This book focuses on various disorders related to the autonomic nervous system and their clinical implications.

Saper, C. B. (2002). The central autonomic nervous system: conscious visceral perception and autonomic pattern generation. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 25, 433-469.

This review article highlights the central autonomic network and its role in conscious visceral perception and autonomic control.

Thayer, J. F., & Lane, R. D. (2000). A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 61(3), 201-216.

This paper discusses the connection between emotions, autonomic nervous system activity, and its impact on overall health.

Vander, A. J., Sherman, J. H., & Luciano, D. S. (2001). Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

A physiology textbook covering the autonomic nervous system and its role in maintaining homeostasis.

Aaland, M., Sweat, Capra Press, 1978.

Beard, J. The Enzyme Treatment of Cancer, London, Chatto and Windus, 1911.

Cowen, T. and McGuire, J., Spas & Hot Tubs, Saunas and Home Gyms, Creative Homeowner Press, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1988.

Casdorph, H.R. and Walker, M., Toxic Metal Syndrome, Avery Publishing Group, NY, 1995.

Dennis, C., Colorology, Rainbows Unlimited, Clearwater, FL, 1994.

Douglas, W.C., Into the Light, Second Opinion Publishing, Dunwoody, GA, 1993.

Dreosti, I.E. and Smith, R.M., ed., Neurobiology of the Trace Elements, Vol. 1 & 2, The Humana Press, NJ, 1983.

Flickstein, A., Infrared Thermal System for Whole-body Regenerative Radiant Therapy, Dascom Graphics, Santa Fe Springs, 1997.

Finnish Medical Society, Sauna and Your Health: Annals of Clinical Research, 16 technical articles distributed by the Sauna Society of America, 1988.

Finnish Sauna Society, Sauna Studies, professional papers from the 6th International Sauna Congress of 1974, distributed by the Sauna Society of America.

Gerson, M., A Cancer Therapy - Results of 50 Cases, Totality Books, CA, 1958,1977.

Guyton, A., Textbook of Medical Physiology, 6th edition, W. B. Saunders Company, 1981.

Hollander, C., How to Build a Sauna, Drake, New York, 1978.

Hubbard, L.R., Clear Body, Clear Mind, Bridge Publications, Los Angeles, Ca.

Jensen, B., Doctor-Patient Handbook, BiWorld Publishers, Inc., UT, 1976.

Johnson, T. and Miller, T., The Sauna Book, Harper and Row, New York, 1977.

Kervan, L.C., Biological Transmutations, adapted by Michel Abehsera, Swan House Publishing, Binghampton, NY, 1972.  (Now published by Beekman Publishers, Inc, Woodstock, NY)

Koch, W.F., The Survival Factor in Neoplastic and Viral Diseases, William F. Koch, 1961.

Kukreja, R.C., ed., Heat Shock Proteins in Myocardial Protection, Landes Bioscience, 2000.

Kutsky, R., Handbook of Vitamins, Minerals and Hormones, 2nd edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1981.

Lehmann, J.F., Therapeutic Heat and Cold, 4th ed., Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 1990. 

McVicker, M., Sauna Detoxification Therapy, McFarland & Co., Jefferson, NC, 1997.

Pfeiffer, C., Mental and Elemental Nutrients, Keats Publishing, New Canaan CT, 1975.

Rogers, S.A., Tired or Toxic, Prestige Publishers, 1990. (Also Detoxify or Die, 2002) 

Roy, R., The Sauna, Chelsea Green Publishing Company, White River Junction, VT, 1996.

Takada, K., Egawa, Y., Sasaki, H., Far Infrared Rays, Japan, 1999.

Verlag, S., Heat Shock, 1991.

Viherjuuri, H.J., Sauna: The Finnish Bath, The Stephen Green Press, Brattleboro, VT, 1965.

Wilson, L., Development and Hair Mineral Analysis, L.D. Wilson Consultants, Inc., 1998.

Wilson, L., Sauna Therapy, L.D. Wilson Consultants, Inc., 2003

Yamazaki, T., Science of Far Infrared Wave Therapies, Man and History Co., Tokyo, Japan, 1987.

Medical Journal Articles

Ahonen, E., et al, 1988, Fluid balance and the sauna, Duodecin., 104(8):609-14.

Antonachi, F., et al.,1998, Sweating patterns in humans: II. Heat-induced forehand sweating and cutaneous temperature in healthy individuals, Funct Neurol., 3(2)(Apr-Jun):2217-24.

Badermann, E., 1976, Aesthetic and physiological sensory perceptions in the original Finnish sauna, Sauna Studies, Papers read at the VI International Sauna Congress in Helsinki, August 15 17, 1974.  The Finnish Sauna Society, Helsinki.

Baibekov, I.M., et al., 1994, The effects of low intensity infrared laser radiation on healing of dermatological wounds, Bull Eksp Biol Med., 119(2)(Feb):218-24.

Beard, J., 1902, Embriological aspects and the etiology of carcinoma, The Lancet, 1:1758.

Cherniaev, I.S., 1965, Investigation of the permeability of human skin to infrared radiation, Gig Sanit., 30(12)(Dec):20-24.

Chlamydial Heat Shock Proteins in Severe Disease, Dec. 2002, MEW, www.chalmydiae.com/chlamydiae/docs/biology/hsp 

Cohn, J.R. and E.A. Emmett, 1978, The excretion of trace metals in human sweat, Ann Clin and Lab Sci., 8(4):270-274.

Czarnowski, D.J., J. Gorski et al., 1991, Excretion of nitrogen compounds in sweat during sauna, Pol Tyg Lek., 46(8-10)(Feb. 18-Mar 4):186-187.

Danno, K. and N. Sugie, 1996, Effects of near-infrared radiation on the epidermal proliferation and cutaneous immune function in mice, Photodermal Photoimmuniol Photomed, 12(6)(Dec):233 6.

Didierjean, L., D. Gruaz, Y. Frober, J.Grassi, J.M. Dayer, J.H. Saurat, 1990, Biologically active interleukin in human eccrine sweat: site dependent variations in alpha/beta ratios and stress induced increased excretion, Cytokine.,2(6)(Nov):438-46.

Dritschilo, A., et al., 1981, Therapeutic implication of heat as related to radiation therapy, Semin Oncol., 8(1)(March):83-91.

Eck, P., 1981, A beginning course on energy and minerals, Healthview Newsletter, (27-29):1-44.  Eck Institute of Applied Nutrition and Bioenergetics, Ltd.

Eells, J.T.et al, 2003, Therapeutic photobiomodulation for methanol-induced retinal toxicity, Proc  Natl Acad of Sci., doi:10.1073/pnas.05347461000, March 7.

Ernst, E., P. Wirz, T. Saradeth, 1990, Regular sauna bathing and the incidence of common colds, Ann Med., 22(4):225-7.

Flickstein, A., 2000, Healthmate infrared saunas, Townsend Letter for Doctors, 202(May):66-70.

Gard, Z.R. and E.J. Brown, 1992-1999, History of sauna/hyperthermia; Past and present efficacy in detoxification, Townsend Letter for Doctors, June 1992:470-478, July 1992:650-660, Oct. 1992:846-854, Aug-Sept 1999:76-86.

Goncalves, E., 2001, The secret nuclear war, The Ecologist, 31(3)April:28-33.

Graeffe, G., et al., 1996, The ions in sauna air, Sauna Studies, Papers read at the VI International Sauna Congress in Helsinki, August 15-17, 1974.  The Finnish Sauna Society, Helsinki.

Gumener, P.I., O.V. Kaisina, L.G. Nadezhina, T.V. Shumkova, 1994,The individual measuring of the health-promoting impact of the sauna on preschoolers, Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fix Kult, (5)(Sept-Oct):32-5.

“Heat Shock Proteins: New Avenue to Cancer Vaccines”, Cancer Research Institute, New York, 2002.

Helamaa, E. and E. Aikas, 1988, The secret of good ‘loyly’, Ann Clin Res., 20(4):224-9.

Honda, K. and S. Inoue, 1988, Sleep-enhancing effects of far infrared radiation in rats, Int J Biometeorol., 32(2)(June):92-4.

Hrnjak, M., 1985, The effect of infrared irradiation on the human body, Arh Hig Rada Toksikol., 36(2)(June):201-18.

Ikeda, Y. and C. Tei, 2002, Effect of repeated sauna therapy on survival of TO-2 cardiomyopathic hampsters with heart failure, Am J Cardiology, 90(Aug 1):343-345.

Inoue, S. and M. Kabaya, 1989, Biological activities caused by far infrared radiation, Int J Biometeorol, 33(3)(Oct):145-50.

Ise, N., T. Katsuura, Y. Kikuchi and E. Miwa, 1987, Effect of far-infrared radiation on forearm skin blood flow, Ann Physiol Anthropol., 6(1)(Jan):31-32.

Jenssen, T.G., H.H. Haukland, P.G. Burhol, 1988, Brain-gut peptides in sauna-induced hyperthermia, Acta Physiol Scand., 132(4)(April):519-523.

Jezova, D., R. Kvetnansky, M. Vigas, 1994, Sex differences in endocrine response to hyperthermia in sauna, Acta Physiol Scand., 150(3)(March):293-298.

Jiang, P. and L. Luo, 1997, The effect of far infrared rays on the survival of randomized skin flap in the rat: an experimental study, Chung Kuo Hsiu Fu Chung Chien Wai Ko Tsa Chih., 11(2)(March):69-71.

Jokinen, E., I. Valimaki, J. Marniemi, A. Seppanen, K. Irjala, O. Simell, 1991, Children in sauna: hormonal adjustments to intensive short thermal stress, Acta Physiol Scand., 142(3)(July):437 442.

Junaid, A.J., 1986, Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with infrared heat, Int J Dermatol., 25(7)(Sept):470-2.

Jurasunas, S., 2000, A far-infrared ray emitting stone (SGES) to treat cancer and degenerative diseases, Townsend Letter for Doctors, 203(June):123-134.

Kaderavek, R., 1965, Thermoregulatory changes during application of infrared radiation, Fysiatr Revmatol Vestn., 43(5)(Sept):301-9.

Kaderavek, R., 1971, Absorption and heat transport during application of infrared radiation, Fysiatr Revmatol Vestn., 51(1)(Feb):14-20.

Kaidbey, K.H., et al., 1982, The influence of infrared radiation on short-term ultraviolet radiation-induced injuries, Arch Dermatol., 118(5)(May):315-18.

Kauppinen, K., et al., 1986, Man in the sauna, Ann Clin Res., 18(4):173-185.

Khish, I.P., 1973, Effect of low doses of infrared radiation on the sympathetic-adrenal system of children, Pediatr Akush Ginekol., 6:23-24.

Kihara, T., et al., 2002, Repeated sauna treatment improves vascular endothelial and cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure, J Am Coll of Cardiology, 39(March 6):754-759.

Kihara, T. et al, 2002, Sauna therapy decreases cardiac arrhymias in patients with chronic heart failure, Am Heart Assn Scientific Sessions, Nov. 17-20, Chicago.

Kilburn, K.H., R. H. Warsaw, M.G. Shields, 1989, Neurobehavioral dysfunction in firemen exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs):possible improvement after detoxification, Arch Environ Health, 44(6)(Nov-Dec):345-50.

Krop, J. and J. Swierczek, 1987/1988, Patient with severe intractable asthma, urticaria and irritable bowel syndrome: Response to sauna therapy, Clin Ecology, 5:136-139.

Krop, J., 1998, Chemical sensitivity after intoxication at work with solvents: response to sauna therapy, J Altern Complementary Med., 4(1)(Spring):77-86.

Kukkonen-Jarjula, K., and K. Jkauppinen, 1998, How the sauna affects the endocrine system, Ann Clin Res., 20(4):262-6.

Libert, J.P., et al., 1983, Modifications of sweating responses to thermal transients following heat acclimation, Eur J Appl Physiol., 50(2):235-46.

Linetskii, M.L., 1965, Thermoregulation under the effect of infrared radiation, Gig Sanit.,30(7)(July):115-17.

Lovejoy, H.B., Z.G. Bell, T.R. Vizena, 1973, Mercury exposure evaluations and their correlation with urine mercury excretion: 4. Elimination of mercury by sweating, J Occup Med.,15:590-591.

Marler, M.S., et al., Overexpression of the rat inducible 70-KD heat stress protein in a transgenic mouse increases the resistance of the heart to ischemic injury, 1995, J Clin Investigation, 95:1446-56.

Marmor, J.B.,et al., 1980, Combined radiation and hyperthermia in superficial human tumors, Cancer, 46(9)(Nov 1):1986-91.

Martin, W., 2003, Coley’s toxins for sarcoma and intractable cancer, Townsend Letter for Doctors, #235-236, (Feb/March):140-144.

McCluggage, D., 1971, The sauna experience, American Home, February.

Molchanov, I.S., 1968, The effects of low intensity infrared radiation on the organism, Gig Tr Prof Zabol., 12(11)(Nov):46-48.

Molchanov, I.S., et al., 1976, Use of low-intensity infrared radiation for the prevention of catarrhal diseases, Gig Tr Prof Zabol., 9(Sept):42-43.

Musin, R.F., et al., 1986, Sensitivity of human skin to infraredheat fluxes, Doki Akad Nauk SSSR., 289(3):718-20.

Niwa, Y., O. Lizawa, K. Ishimoto, X. Jiang, T, Kanoh, 1993, Electromagnetic wave emitting products and ‘Kikoh’ potentiate human leukocyte functions, Int J Biometeorol., 37(5)(Sept):133 8.

Niwa, Y., 1996, Jap J of Inflamm., 16(6)(Nov):4-9. (mechanisms of infrared-emitting stones)

Null, G. and M. Feldman, 2002, The fluoride controversy continues, parts 1,2 & 3, Townsend Letter for Doctors, #233, 234, 235(Dec., Jan., Feb.).

Ogita, S., et. al., 1990, Effects of far infrared radiation on lactation, Ann Physiol Anthropol., 9(2)(April):83-91.

Oosterveld, F.G.J., J.J. Rasker, M.A.F. Van de Laar, and G.J. Koel, Clinical effects of infrared whole-body hyperthermia in patients with rheumatic diseases, Departments of Rheumatology  and Physiotherapy, Metisch Spectrum Twente and Univeristy Twente Enschede, PO Box 50000, 7500 KA Eschede, The Netherlands.

Parpalei, I.A., L.G. Prokofeva and V.G. Obertas, 1991, The use of the sauna for disease prevention in the workers of enterprises with chemical and physical occupational hazards, Vrach Delo., 5(May):93-5.

Rea, W.J., 1997, Thermal chamber depuration and physical therapy, Chemical Sensitivity, CRC Presss, Boca Raton, Fl, Vol. 4, Chap. 35, pp. 2433-2479.

Rea, W.J., Y. Pan, A.R.  Johnson, 1991, Clearing of toxic volatile hydrocarbons from humans, Bol Asoc Med P R, 83(7)(July):321-4.

Rea, W.J., G.H. Ross, A.R. Johnson, R.E. Amiley, E.J. Fenyes, 1991, Chemical sensitivity in physicians, Bol Asoc Med P R, 83(9)(Sept):383-8.

Roehm, D.C., 1983, Effects of a program of sauna baths and metavitamins on adipose DDE and PCBs and on clearing of symptoms of agent orange (Dioxin) toxicity, Clin Research, 31(2):243.

Root, D.E. and G.T. Lionelli, 1987, Excretion of a lipophilic toxicant through the sebaceous glands: A case report, J Toxicol., 6(1):13-17.

Schnare, D.W., M. Ben and M.G. Shields, 1984, Body burden reductions of PCBs, PBBs and chlorinated pesticides in human subjects, Ambio 13(5-6):378-380.

Schnare, D.W., G. Genk, M.G. Shields and S. Brunton, 1982, Evaluation of a detoxification regimen for fat stored xenobiotics, Med Hypoth., 9:265-82.

Schnare, D.W. and P.C. Robinson, 1985, Reduction of hexachlorobenzene and ploychlorinated biphenyl human body burdens, Int. Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Scientific Publication Series, Vol. 77, Oxford University Press.

Sealre, A.J., 1982, Effects of the sauna, JAMA, 247(1)(Jan 1):28.

Sherson, D.L. and W. Stopford, 1986, Mercury levels in sweat.  Its use in the diagnosis and treatment of poisoning, Ugeskr Laeger., 148(27)(June 30):1682-4.

Siewert, C., H. Siewert, H.J. Winterfield and D. Strangefield, 1994, The behavior of central and peripheral hemodynamics in isometric and dynamic stress in hypertensive patients: treatment with regular sauna therapy, Z Kardiol., 83(9)(Sept):652-7.

Sorri, P., 1988, The sauna and sauna bathing habits: A psychoanalytic point of view, Ann Clin Res., 20(4).

Strbak, V., P. Tatr, R. Angyal, V. Strec, K. Aksamitova, M. Vigas, H. Janosova, 1987, Effects of sauna and glucose intake on TSH and thyroid hormone levels in plasma of euthyroid subjects, Metabolism, 36(5)(May):426-31. 

Tamura, Y., et al., 1997, Immunotherapy of tumors with autologous tumor-derived heat shock protein preparations, Science, 278:117-120.

Tei, C., Y, Horikiri, J.C. Park, J.W. Jeong, R.S. Chang, Y. Toyama, N. Tanaka, 1994, Effects of hot water bath or sauna on patients with congestive heart failure: acute hemodynamic improvement by thermal vasodilation, J Cardiol., 24(3)(May-June):175-83.

Vaha-Eskeli, K. and R. Ekkola, 1988, The sauna and pregnancy, Ann Clin Res., 20(4).

Vanakoski, J. and T. Seppala, 1997, Renal excretion of tetracycline is transiently decreased during short-term heat exposure, Int J Clin Parmacol Therapy, 35(5)(May):204-7.

\Varanovski, I.M., 1967, On the use of infrared techniques in medicine, Voen Med Zh., 12:36-9.

Vescovi, P.P., and V.Coiro, 1993, Hyperthermia and endorphins, Biomed Pharmacother, 47(8):301-4.

Vuori, I., 1988, Healthy and unhealthy sauna bathing, Ann Clin Res., 20(4).

Wiedemann, E., 1965, Heat as a remedy, Landarzt, 44(32)(Nov 20):1586-90.

Winterfield, H.G, H. Siewert, D. Strangefield, H. Warnke, J. Kruse, U. Engelmann, 1992, Potential use of the sauna in the long-term treatment of hypertensive cardiovascular circulation disorders - a comparison with kinesiotherapy, Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax., 81(35)(Aug 25):1016-20.

Wyss, V., 1966, On the effects of radiant heat on different regions of the human body.  Behavior of cardiocirculatory and respiratory activity, oxygen consumption, oral and skin temperature during infrared radiation of different areas in acclimatized and non-acclimatized subjects, Med Lav., 57(4)(April):262-85.

Ylikahri, R., E. Heikkonen and A. Suokas, 1988, The sauna and alcohol, Ann Clin Res., (20)4.

Zelentsova, S.P., 1968, Immunobiological reactivity of the organism under the effect of the interrupted infrared irradiation, Varach Delo., 12(Dec):88-91.

Zelentsova, S.P., 1970, The effects of intermittent infrared radiation on the status of natural immunological reactivity of workers Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 14(1)(Jan):22-6. 

See Howard Markel, The Kelloggs: The Battling Brothers of Battle Creek (New York: Pantheon Books), 187. Works concerning the history of light therapy are few and far between, even within the more general context of health reform history. The few sources of secondary literature available (one being in German) are considered later in the text.

There was an earlier work entitled Cornflake Crusade published in 1957. Though this was more an overall narrative of health reform (predominantly of health foods), the author, Gerald Carson, centered it around Kellogg. The text is meant to be less a historical work and more a popular narrative. As Carson noted, his work was intended for pleasurable reading and not an academic audience. See, Gerald Carson, Cornflake Crusade (New York: Rinehart & Company, Inc., 7).

Brian C. Wilson, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg and the Religion of Biologic Living (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 26), xiii.

For examples of transatlantic contexts see Thomas Bender, A Nation Among Nations: America’s Place in World History (New York: Hill and Wang, 3); Ian Tyrrell, Transnational Nation: United States History in Global Perspective Since 1789 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 25); and Colin G. Calloway, Gerd Gemünden, and Susanne Zantop, eds., Germans and Indians: Fantasies, Encounters, Projections (Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 6).

The recent pandemic has restarted discussions among many in the medical community on the use of light therapy as a treatment for viral and bacterial infections. For an example of some of these studies, see Chukuka Samuel Enwemeka, Violet Vakunseh Bumah, and Daniela Santos Masson-Meyers, “Light as a Potential Treatment for Pandemic Coronavirus Infections: A Perspective” Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology, B: Biology, 207, no. 111891 (June 8). Online Access through U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7194064/.

Pharaohs (London: Hermes House, 20), 380–381.

J. H. Kellogg, Light Therapeutics: A Practical Manual of Phototherapy for the Student and the Practitioner (Battle Creek, Michigan: The Good Health Publishing Co., 16), 9.

A. Rollier, Heliotherapy (London: Henry Frowde and Hodder & Stoughton, 22), 1.

Judith Baur-Merinsky, “Die Auswirkungen der Annexion Österreichs durch das Deutsche Reich auf die medizinische Fakultät der Universität Wien im Jahre 1938: Biographien entlassener Professoren und Dozenten” (PhD diss., Universität